Acquired Hyperkeratosis is a skin condition characterized by thickening (hyperplasia) of the outer layer of the skin (stratum corneum), usually due to chronic irritation, friction, underlying disease, or nutrient deficiencies. Treatment of acquired hyperkeratosis depends on the underlying cause and severity.
Common Causes of Acquired Hyperkeratosis
Chronic friction or pressure (e.g., corns, calluses)
Eczema or psoriasis
Ichthyosis (acquired forms)
Vitamin A deficiency
Systemic conditions: HIV, lymphoma, hypothyroidism
Exposure to chemicals/irritants
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Treatment Options
1. Topical Treatments
Keratolytics: Break down excess keratin.
Examples:
Salicylic acid (3-6%)
Urea cream (10–40%)
Lactic acid
Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs)
Topical retinoids:
Tretinoin, adapalene — promote skin turnover and reduce keratin buildup.
Emollients & moisturizers:
Prevent cracking and maintain skin hydration (e.g., petrolatum, lanolin, ceramide creams).
2. Systemic Treatments
Oral retinoids (in severe or generalized cases):
Acitretin, isotretinoin — useful in ichthyosis and related disorders.
Require monitoring for liver function, lipids, and teratogenicity.
Vitamin supplementation:
If due to deficiencies (especially vitamin A, zinc, or essential fatty acids), appropriate supplementation is needed.
3. Treatment of Underlying Conditions
Manage chronic diseases (e.g., HIV, hypothyroidism)
Treat infections or neoplasms if present
Dietary correction in cases due to malnutrition
4. Physical Treatments
Debridement (manual or chemical): In clinic for thick plaques or calluses.
Laser therapy or dermabrasion: In resistant or cosmetic cases.
Cryotherapy: Occasionally used for focal thickened lesions.
Monitoring and Lifestyle Tips
Avoid excessive pressure/friction.
Use mild soaps and moisturizers.
Avoid irritants and allergens.
Regular foot or hand care in affected individuals.
When to See a Doctor
Sudden onset of hyperkeratosis
Associated systemic symptoms (fever, weight loss, lymphadenopathy)
Nonresponsive to standard treatments
Signs of infection (pus, redness, pain)