Frequently Asked Questions
Everything You Need to Know – All in One Place
What does a dermatologist do?
A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing conditions related to the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. Their expertise covers both medical and cosmetic dermatology.
Here’s what dermatologists do:
1. Diagnose and Treat Skin Conditions
Acne, eczema, psoriasis, rosacea, and fungal infections
Skin allergies, rashes, and pigmentation issues
Hair loss (alopecia), dandruff, and nail disorders
2. Detect and Manage Skin Cancer
Identify suspicious moles or growths
Perform skin biopsies and mole removal
Provide treatment or referrals for melanoma and other skin cancers
3. Provide Cosmetic Treatments
Botox, fillers, and anti-aging procedures
Chemical peels, laser therapy, and microneedling
Scar and stretch mark reduction, skin rejuvenation
4. Offer Preventive Skin Care
Regular skin checks for early cancer detection
Advice on sun protection and skincare routines
Personalized treatment plans for long-term skin health
Dermatologists are trained to treat patients of all ages and all skin types, helping to improve both health and appearance.
Do I need a referral to see a dermatologist?
In most cases, you can book an appointment directly. However, some insurance plans may require a referral from your primary care physician. Whether you need a referral to see a dermatologist depends on several factors:
Insurance Requirements:
Many health insurance plans, especially HMOs, require a referral from your primary care doctor before you can see a specialist like a dermatologist. Check your insurance policy to know their rules.Healthcare System:
In some countries or healthcare systems, referrals are mandatory to see a specialist. In others, you can directly book an appointment with a dermatologist.Type of Visit:
For cosmetic dermatology (like Botox or laser treatments), referrals usually aren’t necessary. For medical concerns, some clinics may still accept self-referrals.
If you’re unsure, it’s best to call the dermatologist’s office or your insurance provider to confirm the process.
What are common skin conditions treated by dermatologists?
Dermatologists treat a wide range of skin, hair, and nail issues. Some of the most common conditions include:
Acne: Pimples, blackheads, and cysts affecting teenagers and adults.
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): Red, itchy, inflamed skin, often chronic.
Psoriasis: Thick, scaly patches of skin caused by immune system overactivity.
Rosacea: Facial redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes pimples.
Fungal Infections: Such as athlete’s foot, ringworm, and yeast infections.
Warts and Molluscum: Viral skin growths.
Skin Cancer: Including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.
Hair Loss: Various types like androgenetic alopecia or alopecia areata.
Nail Disorders: Fungal infections, ingrown nails, or psoriasis of nails.
Hyperpigmentation and Melasma: Dark spots or patches on the skin.
Contact Dermatitis: Allergic or irritant reactions causing rash.
Dermatologists provide diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies for these and many other skin-related issues.
How do I know if a mole or spot is dangerous?
If a mole changes in size, color, shape, or becomes painful or itchy, you should consult a dermatologist. Early evaluation can help rule out skin cancer.
You can evaluate a mole or spot using the ABCDE rule, which helps identify signs of skin cancer, especially melanoma:
A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn’t match the other.
B – Border: Irregular, blurred, or jagged edges.
C – Color: Multiple colors or uneven shades (brown, black, red, white, or blue).
D – Diameter: Larger than 6mm (about the size of a pencil eraser), though melanomas can be smaller.
E – Evolving: Changes in size, shape, color, or behavior (bleeding, itching, crusting).
If you notice any of these signs or a spot that looks different from the rest of your moles (a “ugly duckling” mole), schedule an appointment with a dermatologist promptly. Early detection is key to successful treatment.
What treatments are available for acne?
Acne treatments vary depending on severity. Options include topical creams, oral medications, chemical peels, and laser therapy. A dermatologist will create a customized plan based on your skin type and acne condition.
Acne treatment depends on the type and severity of the condition. A dermatologist may recommend one or a combination of the following:
1. Topical Treatments
Benzoyl Peroxide – Reduces bacteria and inflammation.
Retinoids (e.g., tretinoin) – Unclog pores and prevent new acne.
Antibiotic creams – Target acne-causing bacteria.
Azelaic acid or salicylic acid – Help reduce inflammation and exfoliate the skin.
2. Oral Medications
Antibiotics – Reduce bacteria and inflammation (e.g., doxycycline).
Hormonal therapy – Birth control pills or anti-androgens for women with hormonal acne.
Isotretinoin (Accutane) – A powerful medication for severe, cystic acne that doesn’t respond to other treatments.
3. In-Clinic Procedures
Chemical Peels – Help exfoliate and clear blocked pores.
Laser and Light Therapy – Kill bacteria and reduce oil production.
Drainage and Extraction – For large cysts or nodules.
Steroid Injections – Quickly reduce inflammation in painful acne cysts.
4. Skincare Guidance
Dermatologists also guide patients on proper skincare routines to prevent flare-ups and improve results.
It’s best to consult a dermatologist to determine the most suitable treatment based on your skin type and acne severity.
Is laser treatment safe for all skin types?
Most modern lasers are safe for all skin types, but it’s important to consult a qualified dermatologist to determine the most suitable option for your skin tone and condition.
Laser treatment can be safe for all skin types, but it must be tailored carefully to each individual. People with darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick skin types IV–VI) are at higher risk for side effects like:
Hyperpigmentation (dark spots)
Hypopigmentation (light spots)
Scarring or burns, if the wrong laser is used
To minimize risks, dermatologists choose specific lasers and settings that are safer for darker skin, such as:
Nd:YAG lasers – Safer for deeper penetration without damaging the top layer of skin
Fractional lasers – Can be adjusted to treat more safely with less downtime
A board-certified dermatologist with experience in treating diverse skin types is essential for safe and effective results. Always have a consultation first to assess your skin and discuss the most suitable laser option.
Can a dermatologist help with hair loss?
Yes, dermatologists are experts in diagnosing and treating hair loss. They can identify the cause—whether it’s hormonal (like androgenetic alopecia), autoimmune (like alopecia areata), stress-related, or due to nutritional deficiencies or scalp conditions.
How a dermatologist can help:
Diagnosis: Through scalp examination, blood tests, or a biopsy if needed.
Treatment options:
Topical treatments (e.g., minoxidil)
Oral medications (e.g., finasteride for men, spironolactone for women)
Injections (like corticosteroids for alopecia areata)
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy
Lifestyle and nutrition advice
Hair transplant referrals, if necessary
Early diagnosis improves the chance of effective treatment and hair regrowth. If you’re experiencing thinning, shedding, or bald patches, it’s best to consult a dermatologist promptly.
How often should I get a skin check-up?
It’s recommended to have a full skin check once a year, or more frequently if you have a history of skin cancer or many moles.
For most people, a yearly skin check with a dermatologist is recommended to monitor for skin cancer, unusual moles, and other skin conditions.
However, you may need more frequent check-ups if you:
Have a history of skin cancer (personal or family)
Have many moles or atypical/dysplastic moles
Spend a lot of time in the sun or use tanning beds
Notice new, changing, or suspicious spots
Have a weakened immune system
In these cases, your dermatologist may suggest a check-up every 3 to 6 months. Self-exams at home between visits are also important—look for any spots that change in size, color, or shape, or that itch or bleed. Early detection saves lives.
Are cosmetic dermatology treatments safe?
Yes, cosmetic dermatology treatments are generally safe when performed by a qualified and experienced dermatologist. These procedures—such as Botox, dermal fillers, chemical peels, laser treatments, and microneedling—are designed to enhance appearance with minimal risk when done properly.
Safety depends on several factors:
Professional expertise: Choosing a board-certified dermatologist ensures the right technique and product are used.
Proper evaluation: A thorough consultation helps determine if you’re a good candidate for the treatment.
Aftercare and hygiene: Following pre- and post-treatment instructions minimizes risks like infection or irritation.
Skin type: Some treatments may need adjustment for darker or sensitive skin to avoid side effects like pigmentation.
While minor side effects like redness, swelling, or bruising may occur temporarily, serious complications are rare in professional settings. Always ask about risks, benefits, and alternatives during your consultation.
How can I protect my skin daily?
Protecting your skin every day is essential to maintain a healthy, youthful appearance and prevent long-term damage. Here are key daily habits to follow:
1. Use Sunscreen Daily
Apply a broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher every morning, even on cloudy days.
Reapply every 2 hours if you’re outdoors.
2. Cleanse Gently
Wash your face twice a day with a mild, non-drying cleanser to remove dirt and excess oil without stripping the skin.
3. Moisturize
Use a moisturizer suited to your skin type to keep it hydrated and maintain the skin barrier.
4. Avoid Harsh Products
Limit products with alcohol, strong fragrances, or abrasive exfoliants—especially if you have sensitive or acne-prone skin.
5. Stay Hydrated & Eat Well
Drink enough water and eat a balanced diet rich in antioxidants (fruits, vegetables, omega-3s).
6. Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol
Smoking accelerates skin aging, and alcohol can dehydrate your skin.
7. Get Enough Sleep
Quality sleep allows your skin to repair and regenerate overnight.
8. Protect from Environmental Stressors
Use antioxidants (like vitamin C serums) in your skincare routine to defend against pollution and UV damage.
Following these habits consistently will help keep your skin healthy, protected, and radiant over time.
Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, moisturize regularly, stay hydrated, and avoid excessive sun exposure.